Sunday, December 29, 2019

GMO and Health Risks - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1354 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2019/02/14 Category Health Essay Level High school Tags: GMO Essay Did you like this example? For many people, reading the words â€Å"GMO-free† on a food label at the grocery store brings a positive sentiment. In fact, around 39% of Americans reported in a 2016 Pew Research survey reported that they believed GMOs–organisms whose genes have been molecularly altered in favor of specific traits–are worse for one’s health. Resistance or apathy toward GMOs is common in developed Western countries, but these foods have the potential to change the lives of people not as fortunate as their well-fed, wealthy counterparts. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "GMO and Health Risks" essay for you Create order According to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 90% out of the estimated 2050 global population of 6 billion people will live in developed nations, which leaves farmers needing to grow 70 percent more food within the next thirty years. Biofortification through genetic engineering addresses this issue by improving the practicality and nutritional value of foods. There have been a number of biotechnology initiatives worldwide to combat hunger and agricultural crises, including _______. In Nigeria, a project to supply farmers with a type of rice crop genetically-engineered to contain high levels of vitamin A was introduced in _____ by _______. Three genes from corn and bacterium are inserted into the cells of the rice grain, and the resultant product is light yellow, hence the name â€Å"golden rice†. Considering the socio-scientific, economic, and environmental implications, the Nigerian government should subsidize the growing of â€Å"golden rice†. _____(Road Map)________. However, opponents argue that the crop goes against valuable traditions and that such direct â€Å"tampering† with nature is unethical. Especially in an era in which rapid modernization and the effort to hold on to traditions often clash, the controversy over the consequences of genetically-modified organisms such as golden rice has _____ limited its use. Addressing the Health and Safety Concerns of Genetically-Engineered Rice The Nigerian famine has intensified over recent years due to the rising cost of food, ongoing violence, and decrease in aid from international organizations. Currently, up to 5.2 million people are in need of food aid, according to the Norwegian Refugee Council, a humanitarian NGO established after the Second World War. Cheick Ba, director of the NRC explains the situation, â€Å"Armed conflict and violence are driving this food crisis, and innocent families are bearing the brunt.† The UN World Food Programme has made a tremendous difference in assisting these innocent civilians, but Ba alludes that Nigeria should not be solely reliant on donations, explaining that â€Å"providing people with food is only a short term solution.† Likewise, in times of political or economic struggle, funding from private relief organizations is cut at the expense of desperate citizens. In July of 2017, the WFP was unable to provide emergency food assistance for 400,000 people due to a la ck of funding, which highlights the urgent demand for a more sustainable solution. Nutritionally supplemented crops such as golden rice are one strategy for addressing dire hunger and malnutrition problems such as this. Golden rice is essential in helping to eliminate vitamin A deficiency (VAD) in Nigeria, one of the most significant health consequences of the country’s famine. Thirty percent of children in the world suffer from VAD, which is the leading cause of blindness. Compared to the 62,492 blind people in the United States, at least 1.5 million Nigerian children are blind, according to the American Foundation for the Blind and the Overseas Disability Charity. In addition to vision, Vitamin A is important to the immune system, cell growth, bone strength, reproduction, and adult gene regulation. Russel Reinke is a rice bioscientist at the International Rice Research Institute, an international research center that has been awarded the Third World Prize, John Scott Medal, Krishi Ratna Award, and US Presidential End Hunger Award, among others. He remarks,â€Å"Daily consumption of a very modest amount of Golden Rice—about a cup—could supply 50 percent of the recommended dai ly allowance of vitamin A for an adult.† The widespread adoption of farming golden rice would reduce the number of deaths of Nigerian children under five, currently at 1,049,000 annually. Despite public concern, genetically modified ingredients such as golden rice are proven to be safe for consumption. People like David Schubert, who say that â€Å"there is no credible evidence that GMO foods are safe to eat,† are simply misinformed: Major food safety organizations including the World Health Organization, American Medical Association, U.S. National Academy of Sciences, and British Royal Society have pronounced that GM crops are as safe to eat as foods not genetically-engineered. Furthermore, regulators put GMOs through extremely thorough safety procedures, as is typical with new technology. Some scientists even argue that such rigorous, expensive, and time-consuming testing is not necessary, since the risk of harm is so low and that it may deny nutrition from the poor and hungry. ________ says, â€Å"In the national perspective, we are looking for options to become more food secure, not to have to go through such a crisis again†, implying that food avail ability may be more of a real concern than food safety. Finally, the remaining risk of dangerous substances (if any) is eliminated at the last step since rice is cooked at high temperatures. What sometimes is the underlying cause of hesitation to support subsidition of golden rice is an instinctive discomfort to the idea of â€Å"tinkering† with nature. People often feel that going into a laboratory and altering the DNA of plants is unethical. However, Pamela Robertson, _________, explains that â€Å"the whole model just misunderstands how nature is. Nature is a much more chaotic interplay of genetic changes that have been happening all the time anyway.† In her TED talk at ______, she explains that genetic modification evolves from past methods of genetic techniques, including hybridization, mutagenesis, and cell selection, some of which could be even more questionable than genetic modification, if judged by the same standards. Economic Value of Golden Rice Farmers will see economic benefits since golden rice crops will produce higher yields at a lower cost. Four years ago, the International Rice Research Institute found that the 2014 version of golden rice resulted a lower yield than un-enhanced rice.To address this issue, the IRRI immediately modified their programs, and field trials from October 2014 to July 2017 demonstrated that the new programs had succeeded in producing a GR2E variety that did not negatively affect the output. The new seeds with the GR2E trait will be available to farmers by 2020. With higher yield and economic return, farmers will also be able to more easily provide affordable golden rice for the impoverished. The cost for the Nigerian government to subsidize farmers to grow Golden Rice is no reason to delay the project. While non-profit organizations have experienced a lack of funding, many corporations have pledged to assist farmers in need. In one case, the major company Syngenta has promised to supply free seeds to farmers who make less than $10,000 per year, which is about 99% of the targeted, local Nigerian farmers. The Rockefeller Foundation and European Union have also been funding the manufacture and distribution of golden rice seeds. As shown, external support will alleviate much of the costs of subsidition. As well as costing very little for both the government and farmers to purchase, Golden Rice does not need to be reinvested in because the seeds can be re-harvested and planted the following year. The cost-effectiveness of golden rice subsidition is emphasized by the fact that it is far cheaper than past methods of vitamin supplementation. Continuous funding is required to pay for the mass distribution of vitamin A capsules, while the cost of biofortification is much less since it is a one-time investment. The International Food Policy Research Institute in Washington, DC reported that each year around 500 million containers of vitamin A are distributed at a cost of 1 dollar each, which totals to five billion US dollars in ten years. Even considering the expensive safety testing described in section 1, genetic modification is far less expensive than current supplementation practises. In fact, research concluded by the Golden Rice Project states that biofortification of rice costs four million USD over 10 years. Safety regulation does raise the price to sixteen to twenty-four million per ten years, but this number is still only one percent of the cost of traditional vitamin A s upplementation.

Saturday, December 21, 2019

Caring for a Patient with Bipolar Disorder - 1992 Words

No matter where you practice as a nurse, you may be assigned to care for a patient with bipolar I disorder. Keltner (2011) describes bipolar I disorder as â€Å"the most significant of these disorders. The patient experiences swings between manic episodes and major depression† (p. 291). According to Murphy (2006), â€Å"bipolar disorder can be like a roller-coaster, with exciting ‘highs’ and very frightening downhill plunges† (p. 58). Most patients are more likely to seek help when they are depressed or feel ‘bad;’ therefore, Goossens (2007) determines bipolar disorder is frequently underdiagnosed. As a nurse, you will play a critical role in the detection of signs and symptoms of this disorder. Manic symptoms are fundamental to the diagnosis of bipolar I disorder, and to meet diagnostic criteria, the symptoms must persist for at least one week (or shorter if hospitalization is required) (Keltner, 2011). Manic phases can have a sudden onset, escalate quickly, and they can last anywhere from a few days to several months. Symptoms of mania include talkativeness, racing thoughts, distractibility, extreme irritability, impaired judgment, and social blunders may even occur. Individuals experiencing a manic episode have an inflated view of their importance, sometimes reaching grandiosity (Keltner, 2011). Involvement with alcohol and drugs is fairly common, and they are at a high risk of destructive behaviors such as suicide, addiction, and violence. Manic patients with extreme anger andShow MoreRelatedMental Disorders And Its Effects1437 Words   |  6 Pages Mental disorders are a result of different problems associated with the brain, and each problem has various symptoms. These disorders of the brain are normally characterized by different factors that are combined, such as emotions, relationships, behavior and abnormal thoughts. There are many reasons why mental disorders affect people, including family history and genes, life pressures and habits. Other factors like a history of drug abuse, stress, biology, a traumatic brain injury, exposure toRead MoreBipolar Disorder And Nursing : Bipolar Disorders1348 Words   |  6 PagesDellisa Gordon Clinical Symposium April 27, 2016 Bipolar Disorder and Nursing The central focus of this paper will be Bipolar disorder and how it relates to nursing. Bipolar disorder can be classified into two sections: bipolar I and bipolar II. Bipolar I involves periods of potentially unprovoked mood swings from mania to depression (Joseph Goldberg, 2014). Bipolar II is a less harsh form of mood elevation, causing milder episodes of hypomania that may alternate with spurts of deep depressionRead MoreMental Disorders And Its Effects1403 Words   |  6 PagesProf. Glyer Mental disorders are a resultant of different problems associated with the brain and each problem has various symptoms. These disorders of the brain are normally characterized by different factors that are combined such as emotions, relationships, behavior and abnormal thoughts. There are many reason why mental disorders affect people which include reasons such as family history and genes, life pressures and habits for example drug abuse history, stress, biological reasons, a brain injuryRead MoreBipolar Disorder : A Family Based Perspective1733 Words   |  7 PagesBipolar Disorder and Mental Illness: A Family-based Perspective Living with a person who has been diagnosed with bipolar disorder, or even being a family member who has a genuine concern for this individual’s well-being is a strenuous process. Learning how to recognize and handle disruptive behavior, understanding the symptoms, supporting the individual through potential treatment or recovery periods and assessing the overall situation in the most effective manner is a long-term and constant commitmentRead MoreEssay on Compare and Contrast Two Mental Illnesses1273 Words   |  6 PagesSchizophrenia vs. Bipolar Disorder Page 1 Schizophrenia vs. Bipolar Disorder Angela M. Powell English Composition I Kim Elliott-White April 18, 2011 Schizophrenia vs. Bipolar Disorder Page 2 Brain disorders are commonly misunderstood due to the actions of the person living with the disorder. Education about brain disorders should decrease the misunderstanding of the disorders, and increase the supportRead MoreAbstract. Effects Of Bipolar Can Be Far-Reaching, Both1413 Words   |  6 PagesEffects of bipolar can be far-reaching, both into the lives of patients and those around them. Bipolar affects work, school, relationships, physical health and many other aspects of everyday life. The most severe effect of bipolar disorder is suicide. Unfortunately, 25% - 50% of people with bipolar disorder attempt suicide and 11% commit suicide. Bipolar disorder is a mental illness known as a mood disorder. In mood disorders, the patient suffers from severe emotional states. In bipolar disorder, the patientRead MoreMechanisms Addiction Reviews The Strong Relationship Between Bipolar And Substance Use Disorders1280 Words   |  6 Pagesrelationship between bipolar and substance-use disorder Mechanisms and treatment implications Bipolar disorder and substance-use disorders commonly occur in the same individual. In fact, bipolar disorder has a higher prevalence of substance-use disorders than any other psychiatric illness. Individuals with both disorders have a more severe course of bipolar disorder, including earlier onset, more frequent episodes, and more complications, including anxiety- and stress-related disorders, aggressive behaviorRead MoreMental Illness / Disorders ( Ocd ) And Post Traumatic Stress Disorder1612 Words   |  7 PagesMENTAL ILLNESS/DISORDERS A mental illness or disorder is a medical condition that can alter a person’s emotions, thoughts, mood, and actions, sometimes causing the person difficulty relating to others and daily functioning. (â€Å"Mental Health Conditions.†) It is a condition that keeps the person from coping with their everyday lives if it is not addressed and properly treated. Mental illness is a sickness of the mind that may involve a mental breakdown so serious that the patient must have specialRead MoreThe Role Of Family And Caretakers Relationships940 Words   |  4 PagesBipolar disorder is a mood disorder that often leads to a disruptive lifestyle. It is a subgroup of bipolar I which is manic and depressive episodes and bipolar II which is hypomanic and depressive episodes. However, very little research has been done in terms of how this disorder impacts family members and caretakers. The rationale behind this topic is to examine some of the research done involving strengths and st ruggles of family and caretakers relationships. The articles that will be discussedRead MoreMental Health Disorders And Its Effects On Children And Society1626 Words   |  7 PagesRelated issues Mental health disorders such as bipolar disorder and ADHD creates a burden on affected children and society at large. Commonly identified issues include financial impact on the family, effect of the illness on the child, social issues, occupational and academic functioning, racial impact, effects on family, stigma of the illness, suicide, economic burden on society, role of healthcare providers and cultural issues. Role of religion Whenever a child is diagnosed with a mental illness

Friday, December 13, 2019

Development Of Christianity Free Essays

Christianity developed as a combination of Jewish monotheism and Roman universalism. It developed this way because it started out in a society that was anti-Jewish and Roman, and ended in a society that was Roman and Christian. Christians were originally persecuted by the Romans along with the Jews, who also persecuted them. We will write a custom essay sample on Development Of Christianity or any similar topic only for you Order Now One of the earliest people to spread Christianity to Greece and Asia Minor at the same time was the apostle Paul. Pauline Christianity synthesized the role of Jesus as a divine figure with Greek traditions. Christianity emerged from Judaism, but there are key differences to remember. The Jews view themselves as inheritors of a historical religious tradition that binds their society together no matter where it is. Christian eschatology does not view the coming of God as a historical event. The apostle Paul still left a definitive and lasting impression on Christian history and the way Jesus was thought of by the mass numbers that Paul was able to convert in Greece and Asia Minor. Paul, who received a vision of Jesus that blinded him, and then was miraculously healed, became one of the first Christian evangelists, spreading the word of Jesus throughout his lifetime. His traditional pattern of teaching was to begin speaking at a local synagogue, get thrown out, and continue to preach to the masses in more bucolic areas, establishing small churches through the teachings of Jesus that were later expanded in other evangelical trips. Through his wide travels, purposeful indifference to persecution, and the expostulation and sometime exhortation of the idea, still generally applied, that Christians cannot impose an ethnicity upon those who come into the faith, Paul spread the word of Christianity, performing exorcisms and miracles, guided by his concept of otherworldly forces while still being grounded in his ability to tell their voices from his own. Paul set a whole new precedent for participating in Jesus. It is also arguable that the prevailing conception of Jesus changed with the social territory Paul covered, graded upon the inhabitants’ prior belief systems as adaptive mechanisms that accepted while changing the idea of Jesus in ways that were primarily Jewish (paternalistic, monotheistic), Greek (Dionysian), and Roman (universalist). As time went on, the idea of Jesus returning to earth became less popular and the religion shifted from being persecuted to being accepted, revitalized, and set in a system of official theology. The idea of Jesus at this point changed as it was determined universally by council what was to be thought of Jesus; whether or not he was human or divine, submissive to the idea of the father, etc. It is easy for any society to take the parables of Jesus and do virtually anything with them, since many of the parables are so open-ended. Some of these confusions were cleared up by councilor definitions, and others were added. All of the gospel writers had a different agenda in presenting the life of Jesus; this is perhaps the main reason, apart from the natural flux of a changing  society, that the understanding of Jesus was capable of changing from age to age: the definitive texts on his message are often contradictory and are fairly open to interpretation. The formation of Christianity was basically a combination of Jewish monotheism and Roman universalism, perhaps with some Greek paganism as well. One of the earliest relationships between Christianity and the surrounding culture was highly influenced by the journeys of the apostle Paul. Paul went into different geographical regions as he spread the word of Christianity, as mentioned. â€Å"Paul worked intensely to collect money for ‘the poor among the saints at Jerusalem†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ Considering the importance that Paul attaches to this mission, and also the stress on economic themes in Luke-Acts, it is very odd that Luke fails to mention either the poverty of the Jerusalem church or Paul’s Great Collection† (Schneider, 2002). All of the gospel writers had a different agenda in presenting the religion is not necessarily a whole and functioning world that is intrinsically separated from society; since it relies upon society to thrive, it must necessarily make allowances as this society changes. When dealing with Christianity and conceptions of Jesus throughout the Christian age, one must take into account societal and religious shifts as they occur synchronously. For example, for hundreds of years after the death of Jesus, Christians were not fully accepted, and were condemned and executed by the Romans. An exploration of the evolving understanding of Jesus at this point revolves around his parables and also the onset of Pauline Christianity. Although some skeptics outside of Christianity attribute the apostle Paul’s states of grace to a disease the apostle himself perhaps mentions in the Bible, and even within the Catholic church some argue that his visions may have been hallucinations or perhaps the result of a CNS disorder which carried him to spastic heights of epiphany, Paul still left a definitive and lasting impression on Christian history and the way Jesus was thought of by the mass numbers that Paul was able to convert, thus changing the face of Christianity to its status as a scourge in early Roman times to an official state religion towards the fall of Rome. REFERENCE Schneider, J.R. (2002).   The Good of Affluence.   Grand Rapids, MI:   William B.  Eerdmans. How to cite Development Of Christianity, Papers

Thursday, December 5, 2019

The Tragic Death Of Macbeth Essay Research free essay sample

The Tragic Death Of Macbeth Essay, Research Paper Macbeth, in the drama Macbeth by William Shakespeare, is an illustration of a tragichero. A calamity is play that has a hero with a defect that causes his ruin and givesthe audience a feeling of katharsis. Macbeth # 8217 ; s character perverts from a baronial adult male toa violent individual because of the enchantresss # 8217 ; prognostications, Lady Macbeth, and Macbeth # 8217 ; s ownambition. His aspiration is the tragic defect. At the beginning of the drama, Macbeth is a baronial adult male who is described as the # 8220 ; weather Macbeth # 8221 ; ( I: ii:18 ) by the Sergeant and # 8220 ; valorous cousin # 8221 ; and # 8220 ; worthygentleman # 8221 ; ( I: ii:26 ) by Duncan, the male monarch, for murdering a Rebel. Macbeth respects the kingand would non even think of making anything to harm him, that is, until the enchantresss getinvolved and his married woman convinces him to. Macbeth loves his married woman and he would kill for her, literally. We will write a custom essay sample on The Tragic Death Of Macbeth Essay Research or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page She is a manipulative adult female who takes advantage of Macbeth and could makehim make anything like killing the male monarch, towards whom he feels no malignity. When Macbeth and Banquo meet the enchantresss, they give Macbeth two prognostications: he becomes thane of Cawdor and he becomes king. At first, Macbeth is a spot curiouswhen the first prognostication comes true but he does non truly desire to make anything ab out the 2nd one. Once he tells his married woman about it, she makes Macbeth believe about killing theking. His aspiration, at first, is non strong plenty, but Lady Macbeth pushes him further.He so kills the male monarch and his character starts to devolve from that point. Later in the drama, Macbeth kills many people. After the first slaying, killing othersbecomes easier for him. He hires liquidators to kill Banquo and Macduff # 8217 ; s household withoutthinking about it twice and without the aid of his married woman. When his married woman dies, he seems tooinvolved with war to care. This shows that Macbeth # 8217 ; s scruples is gone and that he isdesensitized to slay and decease. Macbeth # 8217 ; s character is mentally weak and is misguided by his aspiration. Hecannot make determinations on his ain so he counts on other people to do determinations forhim like his married woman and the enchantresss. His aspiration and other things cause the alteration of hischaracter. That aspiration is the tragic defect in that causes Macbeth # 8217 ; s ruin and makeshim an illustration of a tragic hero in this drama. Other things besides add to this alteration, like hiswife who seems mentally stronger than Macbeth. It is besides Macbeth s aspiration and histrust in the enchantresss which finally change him for the worse and convey approximately hisdownfall.